Reading the § 107.205 list tells you what each waiver would actually let you do, because a waiver is defined by the rule it lifts. Waiving the visual-line-of-sight requirement (§ 107.31) is how an operation flies beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) — the relief that lets inspection and mapping work reach past the pilot’s unaided view. Waiving operation over people (§ 107.39) opens a path over people beyond the standard categories of Chapter 5. Waiving the operating limitations (§ 107.51) reaches the flight envelope Chapter 1 set — altitude, speed, and the rest. And waiving § 107.35 lets a single remote pilot run more than one aircraft at once. In every case, the name of the rule is the name of what you are asking to do.

One entry on the list needs care, because it can be reached two completely different ways: § 107.41, operation in certain airspace. § 3.5 drew that line and it holds; what this chapter adds is the machinery behind the second door. A § 107.41 waiver is not a heavier authorization — it runs through the full § 107.200 safety-case process the sections above described, with the complete description of the operation, the justification that it can still be conducted safely, and whatever additional limitations the Administrator writes into the certificate. That weight is the whole reason the routine answer stays the authorization: for ordinary controlled-airspace flight you accept the rules and get cleared in, while a § 107.41 waiver exists for the rare operation that cannot fit the normal authorization model at all.